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Chapitre 1 : Les pronoms interrogatifs et les verbes irréguliers
I/ Classroom English
a) When I listen
I want someone to repeat what he said :
-I dont't understand. Can/could you repeat that please ?
-Could you say that again, please ?
I want someone to speak louder :
Can you speak up please ? I didn't hear what you've just said.
b) When I read
I don't uderstand an English word in a text :
-What is the meaning of this word, please ?
-What does the word … mean, please ?
-Sorry, what's the French for … ?
-Could you explain this word, please ?
c) When I speak
I don't know how to say a word in English :
-Sorry, what is the English for … ?
-How do you say … in English, please ?
d) When I write
I don't know how to write a word
-Could you spell this word, please ? I don't know how to write it.
-Could you write it on the board, please ?
I can't see what is writen on the blackboard
-May I draw the curtains, please ? We can't see what is writen.
-Excuse me, what is the word after … on the board ?
e) Modal verbs
Give a piece of advice : *
-Must / Have to
Ask for permission :
-May
-Can
Make a polite request :
-Could
-Can
Exemples :
-You must/ have to use the present perfect.
-May / Can I open the window, please ?
-Can / Could you step / move aside, please ? We can't see what is writen.
*Grammar :
Have to est différent de must :
-Have to = l'origine de l'obligation ne vient pas de celui qui la subit, mais de l'extérieur.
-Must = l'obligation vient de celui qui la subit.
II/ Mots interrogatifs
Where : un lieu, la provenance : Where are you from ?
When : le moment : When is it for ?
What time : l'heure : What time is it ?
What : une chose, une activité : What do you read ? What is it ?
Which* / What kind : quel(le)(s), le/la/les quel(le)(s) : Which book do you prefer ?
Who : une personne : Who are you ?
Whose : l'appartenance : Whose book is it ?
Why : la cause : Why is she smiling ?
What … for : le but : What did he leave for ?
How : le moyen de locomotion : How did you come this morning ?
How many : le nombre : How many pets have you got ?
How much : la quantité : How much water have you got ?
What … (look) like : la description, l'aspect : What does she look like ?
What … about : le contenu, le sujet : What is it about ?
How old : l'âge : How old are you ?
How often : la fréquence : How often do you practise football ?
How much : le prix : How much does it cost ?
How long : la durée : How long did you stay ?
How far : la distance : How far will you travel ?
How fast : la vitesse : How fast was he driving ?
How heavy : le poids : How heavy is it ?
How tall : la grandeur, la taille (pour une personne / une chose) : How tall is she ?
How high : la hauteur (pour une chose) : How high is it ?
How long : la longueur : How long is it ?
How wide : la largeur : How wide is it ?
How deep : la profondeur : How deep is it ?
How thick : l'épaisseur : How thick is it ?
* grammar :
Which est aussi utilisé au milieu d'une phrase en tant que conjonction de subordination : the cup of tea which I've drank. (la tasse de thé que j'ai bue)
III/ Verbes irréguliers
infinitif, prétérit, participe passé : traduction
awake, awoke, awoken : se réveiller
be, was / were, been : être
beat, beat, beaten : battre
become, became, become : devenir
begin, began, begun : commencer
bet, bet, bet : parier
bite, bit, bitten : mordre
blow, blew, blown : souffler
break, broke, broken : casser
bring, brough, brought : apporter
broadcast, broadcast, broadcast : diffuser (radio)
build, built, built : construire
burn, burnt, burnt : brûler
buy, bought, bought : acheter
catch, caught, caught : attrapper
choose, chose, chosen : choisir
come, came, come : venir
cost, cost, cost : coûter
cut, cut, cut : couper
deal, dealt, dealt : distribuer, donner
dig, dug, dug : creuser
do, did, done : faire
draw, drew, drawn : dessiner
dream, dreamt, dreamt : rêver
drink, drank, drunk : boire
drive, drove, driven : conduire
eat, ate, eaten : manger
fall, fell, fallen : tomber
feed, fed, fed : nourrir
feel, felt, felt : sentir
fight, fought, fought : se battre
fing, found, found : trouver
fly, flew, flown : voler
forbid, borbade, forbidden : interdire
forecast, forecast, forecast : prévoir, prédire
foresee, foresaw, foreseen, prévoir
forget, forgot, forgotten : oublier
forgive, forgave, forgiven : pardonner
freeze, froze, frozen : geler
get, got, got : obtenir
give, gave, given : donner
go, went, gone : aller
grow, grew, grown : cultiver, grandir
have, had, had : avoir
hear, heard, heard : entendre
hide, hid, hidden : se cacher
hit, hit, hit : frapper
hold, held, held : tenir
hurt, hurt, hurt : blesser
keep, kept, kept : garder
know, knew, known : savoir
lead, led, led : mener
learn, learnt, learnt : apprendre
leave, left, left : quitter
lend, lent, lent : prêter
let, let, let : laisser
lie, lay, lain : être étendu
light, lit, lit : éclairer, allumer
lose, lost, lost : perdre
make, made, made : faire
mean, meant, meant : signifier
meet, met, met : rencontrer
mistake, mistook, mistaken : se tromper sur
overcome, overcame, overcome : surmonter, vaincre
pay, paid, paid : payer
put, put, put : mettre
quit, quit, quit : abandonner, quitter
read, read, read : lire
ride, rode, ridden : chevaucher
ring, rang, rung : sonner
rise, rose, risen : se lever
run, ran, run : courir
say, said, said : dire
see, saw, seen : voir
sell, sold, sold : vendre
send, sent, sent : envoyer
set, set, set : placer
shake, shook, shaken : secouer, trembler
shine, shone, shone : briller
shoot, shot, shot : tirer
show, showed, shown : montrer
shut, shut, shut : fermer
sing, sang, sung : chanter
sink, sank, sunk : couler, s'enfoncer, sombrer
sit, sat, sat : être assis
sleep, slept, slept : dormir
slide, slid, slid : glisser
smell, smelt, smelt : sentir
speak, spoke, spoken : parler
speed, sped, sped : aller vite
spell, spelt, spelt : épeler
spend, spent, spent : dépenser
spill, spilt, spilt : renverser (liquide)
split, split, split : (se) réparer
spoil, spoilt, spoilt : gâcher, gâter (enfant)
spread, spread, spread : étaler, étendre, se répandre
stand, stood, stood : être debout
steal, stole, stolen : voler (biens)
stick, stuck, stuck : coller
strike, struck, struck : frapper
swear, swore, sworn : jurer
swim, swam, swum : nager
take, took, taken : prendre
teach, taught, taught : enseigner
tell, told, told : raconter
think, thought, thought : penser
throw, threw, thrown : lancer
understand, understood, understood : comprendre
undertake, undertook, undertaken : entreprendre
undo, undid, undone : défaire
upset, upset, upset : bouleverser, renverser
wake, woke, woken : s'éveiller
wear, wore, worn : porter
weep, wept, wept : pleurer
win, won, won : gagner
withdraw, withdrew, withdrawn : (se) retirer
write, wrote, writen : écrire